Further, microscopic studies were performed to examine the compounds developed. The work was undertaken in two phases: in first phase, the influence of crushed brick waste to replace soil-sand mix without jeopardizing the original performance along with resistance against sulfate attack has been highlighted.
This study investigates the engineering properties of compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEBs) incorporating crushed brick waste as alternative to soil-sand mixture as well as sand. The Jute composition with Kapotakkho soil cured by natural air form less brittle blocks than any other types of CSEB tested in the laboratory. For example, CSEB made from HBRI soil and cured at natural air can bear more compressive load where Kapotakkho-Brahmmaputra soil cured at sun is less susceptible to moisture absorption. The observations affirmed that each composition has its own superiority to others on particular area. Different type of curing like air curing, sun curing and polythene wrapped curing were incorporated and tests were conducted on third, seventh, fourteenth and twenty eighth day. In the second phase, CSEB was prepared with adding sand (Brahmmaputra soil) and Jute fiber as reinforcement. According to the tests, 10% cement mixed with dredged soil proved to be viable option for economical and durable blocks. The considered measuring criteria were water jet test, submersion test, modulus of rupture, and compressive strength test. The first phase included the determination of the optimum percentage of stabilizer (cement).
The complete project was divided into two broad phases. The raw materials obtained from three sources such as Kapotakkho River, Brahmmaputra River and also some soil had been collected from Housing and Building Research Institute (HBRI) Campus.
The aim of this research is to investigate basic engineering properties of Cement Stabilized Earth Block made of dredged soil, stabilized by Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). These semi-tiered houses have the potential to address many of the current construction challenges. The attention to detail required in construction and the applicability of alternative building materials and methods to improve the sustainability of such houses have been discussed in detail. Further, many other types of sustainable building materials are highlighted with a case study of this housing model in a scheme of 13 housing units in Sri Lanka. This is an ideal candidate for the construction of retaining walls and foundations, and such applications are demonstrated with adequate details. The excess soil generated from cut material was transformed into cement stabilized rammed earth, which is a cost effective material with low embodied energy. Such vertical cuts are found to be stable with laterite soil which is a commonly available type of soil in the tropics. This paper introduces a new semi-tiered housing model where the footprint of the house is located on tiers prepared with short vertical cuts of 1.5-2m. There is limited research integrating the utilization of a stepped approach to sloping terrain with appropriate housing models to minimize slope instability potential. Increased demand for affordable housing and the limited availability of flat terrain for its construction are two major problems facing the provision of houses of acceptable quality in many countries around the world. Findings further confirmed that the durability of the Mud-Concrete block satisfied the required durability standards recorded in SLS 1382. Experimental test findings determined the mix proportions of Mud-Concrete block as 4% cement (minimum), fine ≤ 10% (≤ sieve size 0.425 mm), sand 55-60% (sieve size 0.425 mm ≤ sand ≤4.75 mm), gravel 30-35% (sieve size 4.75 mm ≤ gravel≤ 20 mm) and water 18% to 20% from the dry mix. This excessive water amount is enhancing its self-compacting quality, which is capable of self-consolidation, having the ability of passing, filling and being stable without the need of any external forces. The considerable high-water amount is used for the hydration of cement and keep the flow of this material. Precisely the usable gravel range and the gravel percentage governs the compressive strength of the material.
Here the fraction of soil is fulfilling the role of aggregate in the material and low quantities of cement will act as a stabilizer. The initial concept of developing Mud-Concrete was to incorporate both the strength and durability of concrete into mud-based constructions to introduce a low-cost, load-bearing wall system with easy construction techniques which ensured indoor comfort while minimizing the impact on the environment. Mud-Concrete is a novel concept which employs a form of 'Concrete' produced using soil, cement and water.
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